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Field trip to see Bellevue House Kitchen Gardens (September 9th 2019).
![Elizabeth Pilon guiding students around the kitchen garden at Bellevue house that was established for Canada's first prime minister John A MacDonald in 1848](/terrestrial-ecosystem-ecology/sites/teelwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/uploaded_images/Teaching/Biol416/Field%20Trips%20and%20Labs/RIMG4249.jpg?h=c673cd1c&itok=2K2hba5k)
![Elizabeth Pilon discussing the diversity of plants within the Bellevue house kitchen garden](/terrestrial-ecosystem-ecology/sites/teelwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/uploaded_images/Teaching/Biol416/Field%20Trips%20and%20Labs/RIMG4252.jpg?h=c673cd1c&itok=2YpIlcVy)
![Heritage species of apple trees at Bellevue house... and Mike Hann stashing a souvenir sample!](/terrestrial-ecosystem-ecology/sites/teelwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/uploaded_images/Teaching/Biol416/Field%20Trips%20and%20Labs/RIMG4255.jpg?h=c673cd1c&itok=_KML-4u8)
Field trip to see Forman Farm, Ironwood Organics Farm, and Q.U.B.S. Bracken Tract (October 5th 2019).
![Large group of students listening to tour guide in parking lot](/terrestrial-ecosystem-ecology/sites/teelwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/uploaded_images/Teaching/Biol416/Field%20Trips%20and%20Labs/RIMG4291.jpg?h=c673cd1c&itok=JCfKj5mo)
![Charlie explaining the heating and water/nutrient circulation technology behind hydroponic farming](/terrestrial-ecosystem-ecology/sites/teelwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/uploaded_images/Teaching/Biol416/Field%20Trips%20and%20Labs/RIMG4292.jpg?h=c673cd1c&itok=8L1s3uaR)
![Hydroponically produced tomatoes at Forman farm](/terrestrial-ecosystem-ecology/sites/teelwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/uploaded_images/Teaching/Biol416/Field%20Trips%20and%20Labs/RIMG4297.jpg?h=c673cd1c&itok=XKcr1jap)
![Charlie explaining the benefits and problematic issues associated with hydroponic production](/terrestrial-ecosystem-ecology/sites/teelwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/uploaded_images/Teaching/Biol416/Field%20Trips%20and%20Labs/RIMG4301.jpg?h=c673cd1c&itok=JdvZaeJ4)
![Students hearing from Charlie](/terrestrial-ecosystem-ecology/sites/teelwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/uploaded_images/Teaching/Biol416/Field%20Trips%20and%20Labs/MVIMG_20191005_105817.jpg?h=29234840&itok=hb56eUdJ)
![Ah! -The good smell of hemp!](/terrestrial-ecosystem-ecology/sites/teelwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/uploaded_images/Teaching/Biol416/Field%20Trips%20and%20Labs/MVIMG_20191005_110553.jpg?h=29234840&itok=0Bx1DcdY)
![Charlie showing the wood chip pellets that his farm factory produces](/terrestrial-ecosystem-ecology/sites/teelwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/uploaded_images/Teaching/Biol416/Field%20Trips%20and%20Labs/RIMG4308.jpg?h=c673cd1c&itok=8O2mnMFe)
Ironwood Organics Farm
Chris Wooding of Ironwood Organics Farm: "Our goal is to maximise species diversity......Conventional agriculture relies on dirt; Sustainable agriculture relies on soil....Herbicides, fungicides, pesticides, insecticides... all end up inside (human body)....Our restorative farming practices have doubled the soil carbon concentration from 2.5% to 5%."
![Lunchtime at Ironwoods organic farm](/terrestrial-ecosystem-ecology/sites/teelwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/uploaded_images/Teaching/Biol416/Field%20Trips%20and%20Labs/IMG_20191005_122131.jpg?h=29234840&itok=0dLmkAdN)
![Chris pointing out the nitrogen-fixing bacterial symbiotic nodules on a bean plant root system](/terrestrial-ecosystem-ecology/sites/teelwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/uploaded_images/Teaching/Biol416/Field%20Trips%20and%20Labs/IMG_20191005_135937.jpg?h=29234840&itok=9IM1JJKu)
![There's nothing like being and seeing things in the field to understand the application of terrestrial ecosystem ecology concepts](/terrestrial-ecosystem-ecology/sites/teelwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/uploaded_images/Teaching/Biol416/Field%20Trips%20and%20Labs/RIMG4309.jpg?h=c673cd1c&itok=bb2nKxha)
![The mobile hen house allows Chris to rotate the hens through multiple patches of the field over time, enhancing the fertility of the latter](/terrestrial-ecosystem-ecology/sites/teelwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/uploaded_images/Teaching/Biol416/Field%20Trips%20and%20Labs/RIMG4315.jpg?h=c673cd1c&itok=MuqMW5Mc)
![Chris answering students' questions](/terrestrial-ecosystem-ecology/sites/teelwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/uploaded_images/Teaching/Biol416/Field%20Trips%20and%20Labs/RIMG4318.jpg?h=c673cd1c&itok=8sBoQJKz)
![Hazelnut production at Ironwood Organics farm](/terrestrial-ecosystem-ecology/sites/teelwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/uploaded_images/Teaching/Biol416/Field%20Trips%20and%20Labs/RIMG4320.jpg?h=c673cd1c&itok=EcSOTS8Y)
Queen's University Biological Station Bracken tract factorial water availability x fertilisation x deer herbivory exclusion experiment:
![Getting a chance to see and discuss soil-types and their influence on terrestrial ecosystem functioning](/terrestrial-ecosystem-ecology/sites/teelwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/uploaded_images/Teaching/Biol416/Field%20Trips%20and%20Labs/MVIMG_20191005_164950.jpg?h=29234840&itok=NRp7de2e)
![Spot the deer!](/terrestrial-ecosystem-ecology/sites/teelwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/uploaded_images/Teaching/Biol416/Field%20Trips%20and%20Labs/IMG_20191005_153646.jpg?h=29234840&itok=kFwFyLt7)
![Reflecting on historical nature](/terrestrial-ecosystem-ecology/sites/teelwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/uploaded_images/Teaching/Biol416/Field%20Trips%20and%20Labs/IMG_20191005_154047.jpg?h=29234840&itok=rU0h0qa4)
![The class of 2019!](/terrestrial-ecosystem-ecology/sites/teelwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/uploaded_images/Teaching/Biol416/Field%20Trips%20and%20Labs/RIMG4327.jpg?h=0d7987f6&itok=i89ZTryc)
Lab activities: Food insecurity and poverty; The biology of compost and vermiculture soils
![Jeff So looking for activity on a soil microscope slide](/terrestrial-ecosystem-ecology/sites/teelwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/uploaded_images/Teaching/Biol416/Field%20Trips%20and%20Labs/RIMG4281.jpg?h=c673cd1c&itok=1gmm4orP)
![Students looking for soil mesofauna such as insects, nematodes, and springtails](/terrestrial-ecosystem-ecology/sites/teelwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/uploaded_images/Teaching/Biol416/Field%20Trips%20and%20Labs/RIMG4282.jpg?h=c673cd1c&itok=1SyR8FfD)
![Food insecurity: A demonstration game lead by Mara Shaw of the local charity Loving Spoonful to illustrate just how financially difficult it is for those in poverty to 'make ends meet'](/terrestrial-ecosystem-ecology/sites/teelwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/uploaded_images/Teaching/Biol416/Field%20Trips%20and%20Labs/IMG_20190916_161845.jpg?h=29234840&itok=LwfHR2CM)
![Lumbricus terrestris - the european earthworm that has been invading across N. America over the past 200 years](/terrestrial-ecosystem-ecology/sites/teelwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/uploaded_images/Teaching/Biol416/Field%20Trips%20and%20Labs/WormNand.jpeg?h=309e12e8&itok=f2nQv4tY)
![Soil ecology demonstration lab, including vermiculture bin in foreground](/terrestrial-ecosystem-ecology/sites/teelwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/uploaded_images/Teaching/Biol416/Field%20Trips%20and%20Labs/RIMG4285.jpg?h=c673cd1c&itok=qDsAo1yt)
Field trip to see Ravensfield farm (October 20th 2019).
Titia Posthuma: "A farmer needs to work with the land, letting it determine what can be grown most effectively.....It's the soil that matters - you need to work with, and enhance the soil....Animals, and especially ruminants, are the essential means of taking recalcitrant vegetation such as grasses and making it into high quality soil organic matter."
![Titia waits patiently in the background while I seize a chance to demonstrate some terrestrial ecosystem ecological concept that is not to be missed!](/terrestrial-ecosystem-ecology/sites/teelwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/uploaded_images/Teaching/Biol416/Field%20Trips%20and%20Labs/IMG_20191020_140925.jpg?h=29234840&itok=w3SIKy61)
![A vegetable row in Titia's farm](/terrestrial-ecosystem-ecology/sites/teelwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/uploaded_images/Teaching/Biol416/Field%20Trips%20and%20Labs/IMG_20191020_143108.jpg?h=29234840&itok=YvBjKaYS)
![Some very health Jerusalem artichoke shoots](/terrestrial-ecosystem-ecology/sites/teelwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/uploaded_images/Teaching/Biol416/Field%20Trips%20and%20Labs/IMG_20191020_140932.jpg?h=309e12e8&itok=c83tFZP7)
![Andrew collecting the artichoke tubers that have been harvested by one student work group](/terrestrial-ecosystem-ecology/sites/teelwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/uploaded_images/Teaching/Biol416/Field%20Trips%20and%20Labs/IMG_20191020_142705.jpg?h=309e12e8&itok=nZSeJ_f1)
![Students admiring their group's work of putting decaying plant material down as a mulch in one of Titia's farm crop rows](/terrestrial-ecosystem-ecology/sites/teelwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/uploaded_images/Teaching/Biol416/Field%20Trips%20and%20Labs/RIMG4368.jpg?h=5ae4b68d&itok=eLk13bdn)
![Seeing (nodules) is believing!](/terrestrial-ecosystem-ecology/sites/teelwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/uploaded_images/Teaching/Biol416/Field%20Trips%20and%20Labs/IMG_20191020_150227.jpg?h=29234840&itok=sKqPq7JK)
![Samantha Peacock moving a pile of leftover Jerusalem artichoke stems for mulching](/terrestrial-ecosystem-ecology/sites/teelwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/uploaded_images/Teaching/Biol416/Field%20Trips%20and%20Labs/RIMG4342.jpg?h=c673cd1c&itok=58A6iXap)
![Look at the sheer pleasure of getting a chance to do some artichoke harvesting!](/terrestrial-ecosystem-ecology/sites/teelwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/uploaded_images/Teaching/Biol416/Field%20Trips%20and%20Labs/RIMG4344.jpg?h=c673cd1c&itok=T92TFhRB)
![Tavleen Matharu is happy with her haul](/terrestrial-ecosystem-ecology/sites/teelwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/uploaded_images/Teaching/Biol416/Field%20Trips%20and%20Labs/RIMG4347.jpg?h=c673cd1c&itok=hfFpaJC5)
![A row of cabbage plants](/terrestrial-ecosystem-ecology/sites/teelwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/uploaded_images/Teaching/Biol416/Field%20Trips%20and%20Labs/RIMG4355.jpg?h=c673cd1c&itok=lWBkh8ie)
![gardening](/terrestrial-ecosystem-ecology/sites/teelwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/uploaded_images/Teaching/Biol416/Field%20Trips%20and%20Labs/RIMG4356.jpg?h=c673cd1c&itok=Y53CnLOl)
![Titia explaining the merits of farming with the biodynamic approach](/terrestrial-ecosystem-ecology/sites/teelwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/uploaded_images/Teaching/Biol416/Field%20Trips%20and%20Labs/RIMG4359.jpg?h=c673cd1c&itok=sRIdzTAD)
![Rows of swiss chard and carrots](/terrestrial-ecosystem-ecology/sites/teelwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/uploaded_images/Teaching/Biol416/Field%20Trips%20and%20Labs/RIMG4362.jpg?h=c673cd1c&itok=5I474mc6)
![More chard](/terrestrial-ecosystem-ecology/sites/teelwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/uploaded_images/Teaching/Biol416/Field%20Trips%20and%20Labs/RIMG4364.jpg?h=c673cd1c&itok=8d9-PRmu)
![The 'muckers' group: Andrew Kusnierczyk, Ellie Meldrum and Ellie Hamburger](/terrestrial-ecosystem-ecology/sites/teelwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/uploaded_images/Teaching/Biol416/Field%20Trips%20and%20Labs/RIMG4372.jpg?h=c673cd1c&itok=BT3gHv4L)
![Titia proudly showing one of her big compost rows](/terrestrial-ecosystem-ecology/sites/teelwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/uploaded_images/Teaching/Biol416/Field%20Trips%20and%20Labs/RIMG4375.jpg?h=c673cd1c&itok=Q_UCg_ow)
![Students planting out artichoke tubers](/terrestrial-ecosystem-ecology/sites/teelwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/uploaded_images/Teaching/Biol416/Field%20Trips%20and%20Labs/RIMG4380.jpg?h=c673cd1c&itok=UKOsdnTC)
![Hens = herbivores, insectivores, soil surface mixing activities, soil nutrient amenders...](/terrestrial-ecosystem-ecology/sites/teelwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/uploaded_images/Teaching/Biol416/Field%20Trips%20and%20Labs/RIMG4386.jpg?h=c673cd1c&itok=bicRczqP)
![Pigs and piglets doing their thing](/terrestrial-ecosystem-ecology/sites/teelwww/files/styles/image_gallery_thumbnail/public/uploaded_images/Teaching/Biol416/Field%20Trips%20and%20Labs/RIMG4390.jpg?h=c673cd1c&itok=7Dweo3Eo)