Isotopes and the Universe – precision measurements in nuclear physics

Date

Friday February 5, 2021
1:30 pm - 2:30 pm

Location

Zoom

Jens Dilling
TRIUMF & University of British Columbia

Abstract

Major advancements in unstable (radioactive) isotope synthesis at accelerator facilities coupled with development of precision atomic physics techniques for quantum manipulation opens opportunities for direct studies of these short-lives species. Many of the current questions in modern physics can be connected to a detailed understanding of such isotopes. For example, the nuclear evolution in the universe leading to the observed element abundances in our solar system, or the nature of neutrinos and the decay mechanism in double beta decay, but also tests of symmetries in fundamental physics laws are possible with radioactive isotopes. In this talk, an overview is given of state of the art isotope production capabilities at the TRIUMF ISAC and future ARIEL facilities, I will introduce ion trap-based precision tools for spectrometry and highlight recent experiments.

 

New gravitational-wave discoveries: results from LIGO-Virgo’s third observing run

Date

Friday January 29, 2021
1:30 pm - 2:30 pm

Location

Zoom

Jess McIver
University of British Columbia

Abstract

In less than five years, the field of gravitational wave astronomy has grown from a ground-breaking first discovery to revealing new populations of stellar remnants through distant cosmic collisions. LIGO-Virgo has now reported 50 known compact object mergers, including the recent first discovery of an intermediate mass black hole. I'll summarize recent results from LIGO-Virgo and their implications, give an overview of the instrumentation of the Advanced LIGO detectors, and discuss challenges for confidently recovering gravitational wave signals from glitchy, unpredictable Advanced LIGO detector data as well as prospects for the future of gravitational wave astrophysics. 

 

Single-, few-, and many-photon physics in mesoscopic atomic chains

Date

Wednesday January 27, 2021
2:30 pm - 3:30 pm

Location

Zoom

Ana Asenjo-Garcia
Columbia University

anaasenjogarcia.com/

Abstract

Tightly packed ordered arrays of atoms (or, more generally, quantum emitters) exhibit remarkable collective optical properties, as dissipation in the form of photon emission is correlated. In this talk, I will discuss the single-, few- and many-body out-of-equilibrium physics of 1D arrays, and their potential to realize versatile light-matter interfaces. For small enough inter-atomic distances, atomic chains feature dark states that allow for dissipationless transport of photons, behaving as waveguides for single-photon states. Atomic waveguides can be used to mediate interactions between impurity qubits coupled to the array, and allow for the realization of multiple paradigms in waveguide QED, from bandgap physics to chiral quantum optics [1]. Due to the two-level nature of the atoms, atomic waveguides are a perfect playground to realize strong photon-photon interactions. At the many-body level, I will address the open question of how the geometry of the array impacts the process of “Dicke superradiance”, where fully inverted atoms synchronize as they de-excite, emitting light in a burst (in contrast to the exponential decay expected from independent emitters). While most literature attributes the quenching of superradiance to Hamiltonian dipole-dipole interactions, the actual culprits are dissipative processes in the form of photon emission into different optical modes. I will provide an understanding of the physics in terms of collective jump operators and demonstrate that superradiance survives at small inter-atomic distances [2]. I will finish my talk by discussing the implications of correlated photon emission for quantum information processing and metrology.

[1] S. J. Masson, A. Asenjo-Garcia, Atomic-waveguide Quantum Electrodynamics, Physical Review Research 2, 043213 (2020).

[2] S. J. Masson, I. Ferrier-Barbut, L. A. Orozco, A. Browaeys, A. Asenjo-Garcia, Many-body signatures of collective decay in atomic chains, Physical Review Letters 125, 263601(2020)

Zoom Link – Ask Will Salmon or Stephen Hughes

ATLAS at LHC - mapping the energy frontier and the darkness beyond

Date

Friday January 15, 2021
1:30 pm - 2:30 pm

Location

Zoom

Isabel Trigger
Research Scientist, TRIUMF

Abstract

The Large Hadron Collider and its detectors, including ATLAS, were designed not only to discover the Higgs boson (which they did), but also to map out its properties and interactions and those of the other massive particles: the weak gauge bosons and the top quark, produced in unprecedented numbers at the LHC. But ATLAS has another ongoing mission: to look for signs of new physics beyond the Standard Model, including searches for direct production of dark matter in proton-proton collisions. The talk will introduce the ATLAS detector and its multipurpose design, and then focus briefly on how ATLAS studies Higgs bosons and searches for dark matter.

 

Quantum photonic devices using shaped semiconductor nanowire

Date

Wednesday December 16, 2020
2:00 pm - 3:00 pm

Location

Zoom

Michael E. Reimer
Institute for Quantum Computing and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
University of Waterloo

Abstract

Quantum photonic devices are emerging from the lab toward real-world applications at an ever increasing pace. The applications range from the secure transfer of information for banking and communication, to quantum radar for national defense, assistance in search and rescue missions, to biomedical applications such as in dose monitoring for cancer treatment as well as in non-invasive imaging of the eye, to diagnose potentially blinding diseases. In these applications, new types of quantum photonic hardware are required including the cutting edge generation of entangled photon pairs and light detection at the single-photon level. In addition to these new types of quantum photonic hardware, manipulation of single photons on a chip is required for photonic quantum computing.

In my talk, I will discuss how we generate entangled photon pairs with semiconductor quantum dots in shaped nanowire waveguides [1, 2]. I will present our recent work towards engineering these sources to reach perfect entanglement with near-unity efficiency [3, 4, 5]. Currently, this is a feat not attainable with leading photon technologies based on parametric down-conversion due to the probabilistic nature of the generation process and self-assembled quantum dots due to dephasing processes and/or poor collection efficiency. I will also present how these quantum light sources can be integrated within a quantum photonic circuit on a silicon chip to route and filter single photons [6, 7].

Further to this, I will present our newest and most exciting work. We have developed a new type of quantum sensor that detects light over an unprecedented wavelength range, from the UV to near-infrared with high speed and timing resolution [8]. Lastly, I will illuminate how our nanostructure is uniquely shaped to achieve near-unity efficiency over the entire wavelength range, and show how we can extend the wavelength detection range to the infrared and beyond in the future, to continue changing the future of quantum photonic devices from the lab to the real world.

References

[1] M.A.M. Versteegh et al., Observation of strongly entangled photon pairs from a nanowire quantum dot, Nature Commun. 5, 5298 (2014).

[2] K.D. Jöns et al., Bright nanoscale source of deterministic entangled photon pairs violating Bell’s inequality, Scientific Reports 7, 1700 (2017).

[3] A. Fognini et al., Dephasing free photon entanglement with a quantum dot, ACS Photonics 6 (7), 1656-1663 (2019).

[4] A. Fognini et al., Universal fine-structure eraser for quantum dots, Optics Express 26 (19), 24487-22496 (2018).

[5] M. Zeeshan et al., Proposed scheme to generate bright entangled photon pairs by application of a quadrupole field to a single quantum dot, Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 227401 (2019).

[6] I.E. Zadeh et al., Deterministic integration of single photon sources in silicon based photonic circuits, Nano Lett. 16 (4), 2289-2294 (2016).

[7] A. Elshaari et al., On-chip single photon filtering and multiplexing in hybrid quantum photonic circuits, Nature Commun. 8, 379 (2017).

[8] S. Gibson et al., Nature Nanotechnology 14 (5), 473 (2019).

 

Zoom Link:

Email:  will.salmon@queensu.ca for zoom link.

 

 

 

Supernova in the red

Date

Friday December 4, 2020
1:30 pm - 2:30 pm

Location

Zoom

Eric Hsiao
FSU

Abstract

The future of astronomical observations will have a heavy emphasis on the infrared. The community has made considerable investments in the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), the successor of the Hubble Space Telescope, and the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (RST), the premier telescope for the next generation of dark energy experiments. Both telescopes will observe exclusively in the infrared. My research group is now laying the groundwork for supernova observations in the near-infrared and has been gradually closing the knowledge gap in the relatively new wavelength window for each of Type Ia, Type II, and stripped-envelope supernovae. We have made some surprising discoveries in core-collapse supernovae. We have also made significant progress in identifying the origins of Type Ia supernovae, representing the first step toward constraining the variation of their properties in look-back time and reducing the associated systematic errors in distance measurements. I will summarize these results.

Zoom link: queensu.zoom.us/j/98470480777?pwd=RzlUdGZHbC9TMTE4ckViYjFYZEE3UT09

 

 

THz photonics: new technologies leading to discoveries

Date

Wednesday December 2, 2020
2:00 pm - 3:00 pm

Location

Zoom

Jean-Michel Ménard
University of  Ottawa

Abstract

Technological advances have led to major scientific discoveries. This is especially true in the field of optics. The microscope and telescope, for example, are two instruments that provided the enhanced spatial resolution that changed our view of the world. Nowadays, other optical instruments are also being developed to enhance resolution in the spectral domain or to access hard-to-reach spectral windows. Terahertz (THz) photonics is an active field of research focusing on the development of optical tools operating around 1 THz (or 300 µm in wavelength). This radiation, located between the near-infrared and microwave regions, is technologically tricky to generate and detect, but it has quite appealing properties. For example, it can be used to image through seemingly opaque materials, enable high-speed wireless communication, identify molecular compounds from their low-energy spectrum, and monitor quasi-particles in condensed matter. Until now, many of these applications have been hindered by a lack of efficient THz sources and detectors. In this presentation, I will review some of the recent technological progress in this field while focusing on THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS), a powerful technique used in condensed matter physics to investigate free carrier dynamics. I will also discuss experimental techniques recently demonstrated by my group to increase the spectral bandwidth and sensitivity of THz spectrometers. Finally, I will show how these technological improvements allowed us to gain new insight on the electrical properties of graphene

 

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Searching for Dark Forces in the Cosmos

Date

Friday November 20, 2020
1:30 pm - 2:30 pm

Location

Zoom

David Morrissey
TRIUMF

Abstract

New fundamental forces can play a crucial role in models of dark matter and they are predicted by many theories of particle physics beyond the Standard Model. Such new forces are said to be "dark" if they interact only very weakly with ordinary matter. They could take many forms, with specific examples being similar to the electromagnetic or strong forces, and in some cases they can even be the source of dark matter themselves. In this talk I will describe how such forces might arise and what they can do in the early universe. In particular, I will show how detailed measurements of primordial element abundances and the cosmic microwave background radiation can be used to search for them.

 

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Topic: Departmental Colloquium: David Morrissey

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How nuclear physics can treat cancer - radiotherapy at TRIUMF

Date

Friday November 6, 2020
1:30 pm - 2:30 pm

Location

Zoom

Cornelia Hoehr
TRIUMF

Abstract

Besides being Canada's particle accelerator centre with emphasis on nuclear, particle and accelerator physics, TRIUMF has a long history of medical isotope production and radiotherapy. Cancer treatment with different particles has been a long-standing commitment at TRIUMF, first with pion therapy and then with proton therapy, for many years operating Canada's only proton therapy facility. To improve treatment further, we are researching and establishing FLASH radiotherapy, where the total treatment dose is delivered in less than a second. In addition, we are investigating using alpha and auger emitters for targeted radioisotope therapy. Both have the potential to revolutionize cancer treatment by increasing the therapeutic index.

 

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